Clinical narcissism is a psychological condition which stems from a lack of self-confidence, compensated by an overinflated ego. Collective narcissism expands this idea, arguing that our collective anxiety is rooted in a pervasive, societal narcissism, fostered by the Western capitalist notion of survival through individualist consumption. The alternative is reconnection, remembering that we are a part of the natural world.

What is modernity? The modern age is characterized specifically by capitalism, consumerism, and individualism as well as the destruction of the planet and natural world by human behavior. Rather than trying to escape the grief and violence we have caused, instead it’s necessary to face it, grieve it, and make space for the unimaginable potential that follows.

How do we become climate optimists? What is the relationship between optimism and climate action? By acknowledging that with change comes opportunity and there is a vast potential for large scale social change and individual behavior change. To sustain ourselves in this fight we must be inclusive, welcoming, and accept imperfection.